Designer Babies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Originator Babies - Research Paper Example benefits at network level, for example, having a solid character age that can be of constructive use to network; yet there are some moral issues, which a few people level as un-regular and tinkering with the procedure of nature. Be that as it may, this is as yet begging to be proven wrong, as upsides and downsides or the outcomes yielded by this innovation can be assessed to proclaim it a reasonable measure to embrace for having a superior age (Bliss, 2012, p.5). Creator babies’ innovation, to certain individuals is an opportunity for better, more advantageous and savvy age yet there are rare sorts of people who consider it as â€Å"playing God† and attempting to program a person. The two concerns are right in their points of view as this innovation can be utilized to improve lives and simultaneously it tends to be utilized to hurt individuals too. One of the beneficial outcomes that can be accomplished through this innovation is that it can control the hereditary maladies by making the fixes in a youngster path before his introduction to the world. There are various illnesses on the planet, which are still in-treatable, for example, bubble kid, cystic fibrosis and a few more. The innovation guarantees that infections or the reasons for these sicknesses are not transmitted to cutting edge hereditarily. Individuals would not dread of transmitting savage infections to their next ages through qualities. Child structuring gives us a dream into future where heredity sicknesses would be cleaned out. This innovation thus, can improve the wellbeing norms of society immensely then as today is known (Deane and Peters, 2003, p.38). With the progression in innovation and simple accessibility of infant creator innovation, the qualities adjustment won't stop at infection treatment. Guardians would request at a phase, that qualities of their kids be adjusted or chosen in a manner to pick their children’s skin shading, level of insight, inclination for making him a superior youngster in network. The component of â€Å"Human Factor† will exist no more as everybody will resemble too human having all the

Governmental Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Administrative Program - Research Paper Example Part B additionally called clinical Insurance helps spread doctors’ and other medicinal services suppliers, administrations, outpatient care and home human services. It likewise covers preventive administrations. Here a great many people pay a standard Medicare part B Premium. Medicare part C otherwise called Medicare advantage offers wellbeing plan alternatives run by Medicare â€approved private insurance agencies. Part D additionally called Medicare professionally prescribed medication inclusion helps spread the expense of physician endorsed drugs. It additionally helps in bringing down the expense of professionally prescribed medications and shield against greater expense (CMS, 2011). Money related Compliance Medicare spending is a huge part of the government financial plan and national wellbeing spending, in 2006 the Medicare advantage installments totaled $374 billion, in 2007 Medicare spending represented 12% of the administrative financial plan and that year spending on Medicare benefits was 20% of the nation’s absolute medicinal services sending (Kaiser, 2007). Medicare is financed significantly by finance charge incomes, general incomes and premiums paid by recipients. Section An is financed by a committed duty of 2.9% of profit paid by managers and their workers. Part B is financed through a general income and premiums paid by recipients. ... its part has guaranteed that they consent to all the laws set up to guarantee that the cash created from income streams is spent on the correct administrations (Piper, 2011). So as to forestall extortion, wastage and maltreatment in Medicare the branch of Human and Health administrations has established the workplace of the Inspector general and another division that works mutually with the HHS called the Fraud Prevention and requirement group (HEAT). The two offer consistence preparing projects, for example, courses, preparing materials and webcasts (Piper, 2011). To guarantee that there is consistence another program was started called the Senior Medicare Patrol program which targets teaching the more seasoned grown-ups on Medicare benefits how to forestall recognize and report medicinal services extortion. The program initiates chips in across the nation in the push to engage more seasoned grown-ups to shield themselves from misrepresentation. The projects activities are supported by the US organization on Aging (HHS and DOJ, 2011). This program along with the HEAT team has guaranteed that they decrease bogus billings that. This year alone it had the option to charge 91 litigants for partaking in Medicare extortion plots that included roughly $295 million in bogus billings. In spite of the fact that Medicare as an administration office has agreed to all the laws relating to monetary consistence and utilized the cash they have been distributed astutely, there exist protection offices who chip away at sake of the Agency that partake in misrepresentation plots so as to corrupt the name of the Agency. Bogus billings are a typical marvel and this has made Medicare to investigate methods of guaranteeing that they stop this sort of misrepresentation. In any case all divisions have agreed to the law (HHS and DOJ, 2011). Economy and proficiency Medicare is viewed as progressively practical and productive in

The Drilling Of The Oil - 922 Words

In the United States, more than 50 percent of oil used is imported from other countries, and is shipped over by large tanker ships (Energy Quest 2012). Petroleum is made into various products such as gasoline/ diesel fuel, home heating oil, fertilizers, and plastic products (Energy Quest 2012). 74 percent of our oil is used for transportation including, trucks, buses, cars, and planes (Energy Quest 2012). Drilling of the oil is a costly process and has severe effects to the environment. Drilling on land requires a lot of space, disturbing the natural animal habitats, while drilling at sea impacts surrounding marine life (ELI 2015). Petroleum is toxic and not biodegradable, so when oil spills at sea, oil slick spreads rapidly over the water killing vast numbers of marine plants and animals (ELI 2015). Refineries emit toxins into the air and water supply as petroleum is processed to a usable oil, as it is used, petroleum products are emitted into the air contributing to global warming (ELI 2015). Additionally, other by-products have been linked to respiratory illness as well as heart disease in humans (ELI 2015). Natural gas is said to be the ‘cleanest’ fossil fuel, burning cleaner once it is processed, and because of its chemistry, produces the most energy per carbon dioxide molecule (U.S. Department of Energy 2013). This natural gas supplies many homes with heat and it can also be used for cooking (ELI 2015). However, drilling for natural gas can be detrimental toShow MoreRelatedThe Drilling For Oil Drilling1490 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 1A 15 April 2015 Offshore Oil Drilling This day and age, oil is what makes the world go around. 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It takesRead MoreDrilling For Oil And Gas Drilling1030 Words   |  5 PagesHowever this place is very Fragile and we, as American citizens should not let such thing happen. Drilling for oil in the Artic is just going harm the environment. In addition, there isn’t going to be any major progress in the economy. Oil and gas drilling seems to be a dirty business. The reason I say this is because people don’t really think about what would happen to the wilderness when oil and gas drilling moves in. The First thing we tend to observe is the disruption of wildlife migration routesRead MoreDomestic Oil Drilling1710 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 102 Monday 6pm 2/13/2012 Domestic Oil Drilling: Benefits and Risks. Senator Everett Dirksen once noted â€Å"The oilcan is mightier than the sword†. In today’s world, it is easy to see why oil can be considered the most important resource to hold. Without oil, many of the common day occurrences we take for granted would be impossible. Oil is used for almost everything; from the fuel used to drive our vehicles, to the plastics used in every facet of life, and providing the heat needed to liveRead MoreArctic Oil Drilling1508 Words   |  7 Pagesevery month or so as a result of the scarcity of oil. Some people just shrug the price increase off and cope with it, but the economic effect is far greater than it first appears. As the price of oil increases, so does the price of all other products that are transported. There is, however, an opportunity for the United States to increase the supply of available crude oil by drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The idea of drilling in the Arctic has been controversial and to the presentRead MoreOil Drilling and Pollution870 Words   |  3 Pages One way that drilling for oil destroys animals homes is that fossil fuels create carbon dioxide, and then that burned carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere and then Global Warming is starting to melt the ice caps that animals live on. Also, drilling the new wells that we have to drill to get the oil, that makes the amount of land for the animals to make homes go down, and when the land amount goes down so does the length of the animals, like the polar bear, go down. The average length of the polarRead MoreAlaska Oil Drilling1301 Words   |  6 Pagesdegradation. An example that sheds light on the conflict between human interests and environmental responsibility is the controversial approval of the oil drilling in the Northern Slope region of Alaska and the drilling that has already began, in the Tar Sands of Alberta. 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I really hadn’t put much thought into the industry until around three years ago. Since then I have seen many arguments on the pros and cons of drilling for oil either offshore or inland. Some of which I completely understand and believe changes should be put into place soon so that we do not cause more damage than necessary. . Numerous arguments though are just people looking to place blame and are not seeing the biggerRead MoreOffshore Oil Drilling2562 Words   |  11 PagesOffshore Oil Drilling 1 The Time Has Come For More Offshore Oil Drilling [pic] Figure 1 shows what a typical offshore oil rig looks like. http://jonesact.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/oilrig.jpg Bryce D. Cates EPD 155 Sec 3 â€Å"Research Project† April 15, 2010 Offshore Oil Drilling 2 To: Paul Ross From: Bryce D. Cates Date: April 15, 2010 Subject: Cover Memo What do we do to obtain oil to meet the needs of Americans without having

Dolch Sight Words for Kindergarten to Third Grade

The Dolch Word Lists were developed by Edward W. Dolch. He researched English text he found published in the United States and found those words that show up the most in text. Some of those words are decodable, because they follow general phonemic and spelling rules for English. Many, however, are not decodable but instead are irregular, meaning they do not follow the rules of English. Over 50 - 75% of the most commonly used words are found in the Dolch List below. The Dolch Lists are among the most highly respected tools in the field of reading instruction, and are critical for creating meaning in text—using those common verbs, articles, and conjunctions to make words into language.   The Dolch lists are also valuable for word walls. Word walls provide a dictionary for emerging writers as well as readers, as they look to find the words they need to write. Dolch created a spiraling list of sight words that builds from grades to grades. You can add words from the lists to your word wall as you expand your students skills through appropriate pre-primer or primer decodable books, which will have many of the sight words. Then, you can encourage your students to use the word wall words in writing samples. Still, the goal should be to write to communicate, not write to meet some teachers requirements. Students with reading and language difficulties often dislike writing tasks—make them fun and make them about communicating their meaning and they will flex their writing muscles! How to Use the Dolch Words: Play games with them, cut the cards out and use them as flash cards.Use oral reading activities with the cards. Hold up the word, and use a sentence with a blank prompting the child to state the word. For instance: I liked that movie so much that I watched it _________ (again).Use and oral cloze activity, placing three cards, one that fills the cloze. You can have the child point to the correct word. This is especially good for children with reading skills but apraxia. i.e. John went to the park to (swim, and, the.)Shuffle the Dolch cards, turn them over one at a time and use them in a sentence.Have students go back and highlight (and correct, when necessary) the word wall words in their journal entries or free writing.   Daily routine use of the words will build reading confidence. For students with learning disabilities, these words can be learned developmentally, beginning with the pre-primer list.  There are five lists offering appropriate words for the  Pre-Primer,  Primer, 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, and  3rd Grade  reading levels. Word cards for all 44 spelling sounds  are available and can be great additions to your spelling program and word walls.

Alzheimers Disease And Dimentia Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Normally, Alzheimer disease occurs after 60 old ages old. The chance increases as one gets older. This is a familial disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimers Disease And Dimentia Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The hazard one will acquire Alzheimer additions after 70 old ages old. Survey shows that people over 65 old ages old that have Alzheimer are 10 % higher and Alzhiemr ‘s patients of over 85 have 50 % . Now, the Numberss of Americans who have Alzheimer ‘s disease are more than 4.5 million. The Numberss are predicted to raise to 13.2 million by 2050. Approximately 350,000 new instances of Alzheimer ‘s disease are diagnosed each twelvemonth and 59,000 victims dice. ( 2 ) Figure 2 shows Numberss of people in the US with Alzheimer ‘s disease for diffreant age groups in 2000 and in the hereafter, 2030 and 2050. ( 2 ) So far, there is no intervention for Alzheimer disease. However, I think that by utilizing drugs, we can forestall the symptoms from acquiring worse for a scope of clip. In this study, I would wish to discourse about this solution. In Alzheimer ‘s disease, there is a deficit of acetylcholine, the encephalon chemical involved in memory and acquisition. For many old ages, physicians have prescribed a drug called tacrine that elevates degrees of acetylcholine by barricading the activity of acetylcholine, the enzyme that breaks down it. -Better Nutrition In my sentiment, by the utilizing of cholinesterase inhibitors, the actions of the enzyme cholinesterase to interrupt down acetylcholine are impeded and become normal. Hence, the nervus cells in the encephalon have more acetylcholine. ( 4 ) As a consequence of this, new memories may go easier to organize. However, cholinesterase inhibitors do non change by reversal back the loss and destroy of acetylcholine in the encephalon. So, this medical specialty merely helps to forestall the symptoms from acquiring worse but does non forestall the patterned advance of the disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to handle mild to chair Alzheimer. One groundss of this is four types of cholinesterase inhibitors are available get downing mid-2000. The drigs that are used are donepezil ( AriceptA ® ) , rivastigmine ( ExelonA ® ) , galantamine ( ReminyA ® ) , and tacrine ( CognexA ® ) . However, merely tacrine ( Razadyne – antecedently called Reminyl ) are used by most doctors as tacrine ( Cognex ) has more unwanted side effects than the donepezil hydrochloride rivastigmine and galantamine. By the manner, merely rivastigmine and galantamine are merely approved by the FDA for mild to chair Alzheimer ‘s disease, while donepezil is approved for mild, moderate, and terrible Alzheimer ‘s disease.. ( 5 ) B ) Memantine Besides, I think that another drug that could be used to handle Alzheimer ‘s patients is memantine. Memantine is believed to be able to modulate glutamate, an of import encephalon chemical. This drug ‘s chief consequence is to detain patterned advance of some of the symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer Disease ( AD ) . Memantine, an NMDA receptor adversary, Plants on the glutamatergic system. It does this by barricading NMDA glutamate receptors and therefore suppress overstimulation by glutamate. It decreases the consequence of extra glutamate activate nervus cells. It can barricade consequence of extra glutamate and reconstruct back physiological signal transmittal. As a consequence, signal sensing is stabilized and signal sensing is enabled. Excess glutamate has bad effects on encephalon as it, Masks signal transmittal Prevented sensing of signal in NMDA receptor Deteriorate nervus cells. Death of encephalon cells, and therefore Alzheimer ‘s. Although memantine is non proven to decelerate down patterned advance in Alzheimer disease, nevertheless the symptoms of Alzheimer do lessening. Studies show that patients with Alzheimer who take memantine can care for themselves better than patients on sugar pills ( placebos ) . With the intervention of memantine, patients can transport out normal activities a little longer than the patients without the intervention of memantine. For case, with the medicine, memantine may assist a patient with terrible Alzheimer comb the hair themselves, brash their dentitions and bath themselves for several months. This decreases the load for both the health professional and patients. In my sentiment, as NMDA adversary and cholinesterase inhibitors work really otherwise, they can be combined to be used together. Effectiveness Survey shows that when the ChEIs was given to th3 patients, the period of looking for NH admittance delayed ( HR: 0.37, 95 % CI 0.27 to 0.49 ) compared with those who ne’er used cognitive foils while with the add-on of memantine the consequence is significantly augmented ( HR: 0.29, 95 % CI 0.11 to 0.72 ) ( memantine+ChEI V ChEI entirely ) . ChEIs entirely, or in combination with memantine had no important association on clip to decease. ( 12 ) Figure 4 shows that the utilizing of memantine with ChEI to the intervention of AD widening clip to nursing place admittance. ( 13 ) Figure 5 show the effects of utilizing of rivastigmine as approved by the FDA for mild to chair Alzheimer ‘s disease. ( 14 ) Social and economic Deductions Economic costs Numbers vary between surveies but dementedness costs worldwide have been calculated around $ 160A billion, while costs of Alzheimer in the United States may be $ 100A billion each twelvemonth. ( 6 ) One of the economic deductions that I have brush is that Alzheimer disease is the most dearly-won disease which their cost is besides high-rising. In my position, with the addition of ageing of society, the cost besides increases. I can split the cost related to this disease into few phases that are direct costs in medical signifier, like nursing place attention, or direct non-medical costs, twenty-four hours attention and nonmedical costs like lost of productiveness of both patients and health professional. I genuinely believe that the life cost becomes highly high when health professional ‘s lost earning due to long term daily care given. This is shown when the disease becomes worse when advancements, which the patients need longer clip to be cared for and higher cost for nursing-care is needed. Behavioral alteration As people with Alzheimer frequently develop memory job at the early phase, I think that they have trouble in retrieving late learned facts, activities and unable to construe new information. Sing the personality, they become apathy, less self-generated and tend to insulate themselves. So, I believe that with the patterned advance of the disease, troubles in acquisition and memory addition. They are unable to comprehend or hold troubles with linguistic communication, have jobs in abstract thought and in other rational maps. At this phase their older memory is non really much affected but has troubles in new memory. The individual begins to hold job when working measures, with understanding the transition and be aftering their day-to-day activities. Turning to their behaviour, they may go aggressive, dying and leery. They tend to misinterpret what they see or what they hear. In my sentiment, this can take to misconstruing of both the patients and care-giver. The Alzheimer ‘s Answer Book: Professional Answers to More Than 250 Questions†¦ Figure 4 shows the behavioural alteration of an Alzheimer ‘s patient from normal, early, moderate to severe Alzheimer. Benefits â€Å" The research workers report that the test consequences indicate cholinesterase inhibitors led to a statistically important decrease in behavioural and psychological symptoms such as aggression, rolling or paranoia when utilizing the same dose as administered for bettering cognitive damage. â€Å" ( 12 ) I believe pharmaceutical used as a method of intervention do hold benefits. The drugs can forestall the symptoms from come oning within a limited clip and supply patients with comfort and self-respect. Besides, as the symptoms are prevented from acquiring worse within a scope of clip, the patient can be independent for a longer period of clip. This can diminish the care-giving load every bit good as the lovingness cost. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used for mild to chair AD. It helps the symptoms from worsen and command some behavioural features. ( 7 ) Hazard The most common side effects from taking cholinesterase inhibitors ( ChEIs ) are nausea, purging and increased frequence of intestine motions. These are due to cholinergic extra. Among the users, 10-20 % of mild and terrible patient will treat those side-effects. ( 6 ) For the secondary side-effects, they are muscle spasms, bosom rate is decreased. Besides, it besides decreases one ‘s appetency and weight and increased stomachic acid production in some patients. However, Between 75 % and 90 % of patients will digest curative doses of ChEIs. ( 5 ) Figure 6 shows the hazards of taking cholinesterase inhibitors. In my sentiment, the hazards of cholinesterase inhibitors are non life endangering. They may be take the incommodiousness to the patient.This is because of the increasing of acetylcholine in the encephalon. Hence, I think that patients should take cholinesterase inhibitors to as the benefits compensate the hazards. Besides, memantine causes hallucinations, confusion, giddiness, concern and weariness. ( 6 ) In add-on, it can do irregularity, back hurting, addition in blood force per unit area, purging, trouble in take a breathing and coughing. The side effects are normally minor and do non necessitate medical intervention. However, if you have hallucinations, allergic reaction, or trouble in external respiration, you should travel in front for physician. For mild Alzheimer ‘s patients, they frequently feel that the drugs are gross outing and unneeded. This cause the symptoms become worse and they finally labeled as centrist or terrible patients. In my sentiment, the health professionals and patients have to recognize the hazards of memantine before and during taking it for the better intervention for Alzheimer ‘s patients. Alternate solutions Psychosocial intercession Psychosocial intercession is a room designed for centripetal integrating therapy, which is an emotion-oriented psychosocial intercession for dementedness ‘s patients. Psychosocial intercessions can be classified into ( 6 ) Behavioural intercessions which tend to place and cut down the ancestors and consequence of job behavior. Behavioural intercession is non helpful in cut downing rolling but can assist in incontinency. Emotion-oriented intercessions which include reminiscence therapy ( RT ) that involved treatment of past experience separately or in a group, with the aid of exposure, music or sound recordings and their yesteryear ‘s familiar points. This therapy is found to be helpful in knowledge and temper. proof therapy that based on credence of world and personal truth of past experience to assist to better in dementedness while centripetal integrating is exercising that will assist in stimulation. supportive psychotherapeutics which is helpful in assisting mildly impaired Alzheimer patients to set their unwellnesss. centripetal integrating ( snoezelen ) and simulated presence therapy ( SPT ) which used the method recording and playing the sound and voice of closed relation to the Alzheimer patients. cognition-oriented which included Reality orientation which asks the patients to show the information about their topographic point, milieus, relations or household. Cognitive retraining ( decrease of cognitive shortages ) which improved the impaired ability by exerting their head. From this intervention, cognitive abilities have been improved. Stimulation-oriented attacks which consists of art, music and pet therapies, exercising, and any other sorts of recreational activities. This sort of intervention has most betterment in the facet of behavior, temper, and, to a lesser extent, map. Surgery in cistron therapy â€Å" The scientists stress that their work is still at a really early phase. So far they have merely worked on a little figure of patients, and the trials have been designed to happen out whether the technique is safe, instead than effectual. However, the early indicants suggest that it might assist to decelerate the promotion of disease. â€Å" ~BBC news~ ( 9 ) Besides from drugs, Alzheimer can now be treated by surgery. This surgery is done by surgically implanted modified tissue into the encephalon of Alzheimer patients and is known as cistron therapy protocol for Alzheimer ‘s disease. The surgery is done on a 60-year-old Caucasic adult female in the early phases of Alzheimer ‘s disease and she recovered good. This surgery usage human cistron therapy to handle Alzheimer. It prevents cell loss in Alzheimer by presenting a natural brain-survival molecule known as nervus growing factor ( NGF ) to the deceasing cells in the encephalon. ( 8 ) It is done by roll uping little sample of patients ain skin cells and infixing an stray NGF cistrons ( of course happening proteins found in the encephalons of all vertebrate animate beings ) from nervous system. The genetically engineered cells were cultured for three months. As they underwent mitosis, they produced big measures of NGF. After corroborating the cistrons has no harmful contaminations, it was implant into the patients ‘ encephalon. Although it can non wholly cures the disease, but it is hoped to protect and even reconstruct certain encephalon cells and relieve some symptoms, such as short-run memory loss, for a longer period or may be few old ages. This intervention targets a group of cells located deep in a encephalon ‘s country known as cholinergic system which map as back uping memory and cognitive map as it is the devolution of this system which leads to Alzheimer ‘s. By forestalling inordinate loss of this type of cells, Alzheimer ‘s disease can be improved. ( 8 ) Evaluation Beginning 1 I found that hypertext transfer protocol: //alzheimers.boomja.com/Alzheimer % 27s-Treatments — General-Overview-30775.html is really dependable and factual as it is a library for Alzheimer, which it collects information about Alzheimer organize several web site. It is the aggregation of information about Alzheimer, hence is called internet library of Alzheimer. Besides, new resources are added every twenty-four hours, like scientific publications, articles, and links to helpful sites, so it is really accurate and up-to-date. The website hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healia.com/healthguide/guides/alzheimers/what-treatments-are-available where it collects information from is besides really dependable as it is certified by the HONcode criterion for trusty wellness information. How to cite Alzheimers Disease And Dimentia Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Modern Cryptography Theory and Practice †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Modern Cryptography : Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction: In the given topic, it can be seen that the author has argued about the foundations of modern world view. In the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, there was an emergence of modern and autonomous human being who was conscious about his own self. This special creature was curious about the world and confident about his own judgments. The author had also mentioned about the skeptical of orthodoxies and the rebellious nature against the authority is liable for his own idea and actions. They are more committed to a bigger future and proud of their own self. They are also conscious of their distinctness from nature and very much aware of their artistic and creative power. This arrival of the modern mind as deep rooted in the rebellion against the traditional authorities took hold of the three distinct forms- the Renaissance, the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution. Arrival of these three forms gave rise to the cultural hegemony of the Catholic Church. On the contrary, no monolithic structure of belief held any civilization or science as the mankinds empirical and rational liberation which appeals to the common sense and a strong reality that can be touched and weighed by them. The verifiable theories that are texted and discussed in this topic replaced the dogmatic revelation hierarchy that was implied by the church. The straight and valid data of the natural senses, the theoretical and systematic methods of the age old belief of the rising and setting of the sun and rotation of the earth was later analyzed through reasoning, calculation and other technologically advanced observation. There is certain invalidity in the points raised by the author of this book. The process was now open and established a new form in the society. Not only the earth but also the human are now moving out of the finite, infinite, static, hierarchical universe in to new and unknown territories. The strengths lie in the foundation and direction that the modern mind had been largely established. It is high time, to summarize few of the key factors of the modern world view as it was done earlier in the classical Greek and Christian era. It is required to define the focus of the human beings for extension of the analysis. The views of Newton, Galileo, Descartes and Bacon are specifically relevant in the given scenario. A negotiation between the medieval Christian creator God and the modern mechanical cosmos between the human mind and spiritual principle of the worldly objective is a topic of argument here. The democratic and industrial revolution and the rise of the Western culture can be brought forward to build technological, economic, social and political platform. It was again affirmed and stated in its own cultural sovereignty. The theory of Darwin regarding evolution brought the origin of natures species and human within the boundary of modern outlook and natural science. It can be counter argued that science has replaced religion as a scholar authority. Human motive and empirical inspection has replaced the theological doctrine and the scriptural revelation as the prime means for comprehending the universe. The two basis of contemporary epistemology, i.e. rationalism and empiricism gradually produced the apparent metaphysical elements. The heavenly bodies had moved to the same natural and mechanical forces which are composed of the same material and substances similar to those found in the earth. With the decline in geocentric cosmos and the rise in mechanistic paradigm, astronomy was ultimately severed from astrology. With contrast and comparison, both the ancient and medieval world views, the heavenly bodies of the modern universe did not have any symbolic significance. The text was useful in providing the relevant information. Reference Doll Jr, William E. "Foundations for a post?modern curriculum."Journal of Curriculum Studies21, no. 3 (1989): 243-253. Gamst, Frederick C. "Foundations of social theory."Anthropology of Work Review12, no. 3 (1991): 19-25. Mao, Wenbo.Modern cryptography: theory and practice. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 2003. Tarnas, Richard. Foundations of the modern world view.

Importance of Training Mind to Find Happiness and Meaning of Life

The depth of human mind allows individuals to use it as a powerful instrument for examining the nature of reality and exploring the human potential. However, our perception of the world alters as soon as we gain more knowledge and experience.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Training Mind to Find Happiness and Meaning of Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reality, therefore, is a complex set of acquired knowledge about information, as well as unique vision of an individual. It is logical, therefore, for people to cognize the world in different fashion because their attitudes and belief systems rely more on experiential dimension. People should be aware of the importance to control and train our mind in order to understand the objective reality and become much happier. Our mind, therefore, is the major obstacle to become happy and achieve harmony with nature and the surrounding world. Mind is t he main mechanism that permits individuals to interpret reality, but the extent of objectivity and perception depends largely on the level of self-confidence. Training mind reveals much more opportunities for humans to perceive the world. In particular, it blurs the boundaries of consciousness and expands our understanding of how world is represented. According to Buddhist thinking, mind training â€Å"†¦is training in stability in order to â€Å"reveal the mystery† of the ultimate nature of reality, our own and that of other phenomena† (Wallace 80). Buddhism also proposes two approaches to mind training – release and control. The latter implies being able to sustain attention on a specific object which is aimed at taking control of our actions and thoughts.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Focusing attention on a specific object allows an individual to estab lish priorities in case the attention is straightforward. Foci of attention do not only change attitude, but also provide more information about the reality that was hidden due to the established frames of attention. Mind training does not change our outlook or the mechanism we perceive reality. Rather, it can transform our attitudes, which does not imply changing our identity. In this respect, physical and verbal conduct reflecting individual attitudes and perceptions should influence identity and, as a result, certain circumstances entail radical changes. Maintaining the extent of spiritual engagement, but changing the mechanisms of interpreting reality is the key to training and controlling our actions. The models of cognizing reality also depend on our understanding of what reality and experience imply, as well as how it transforms our consciousness. Being aware of these concepts can induce the corresponding shifts. Therefore, mind and consciousness takes responsibility for the way perceive reality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Training Mind to Find Happiness and Meaning of Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With regard to the above, it is highly important how human mind approaches specific realities, which is the ground of the Buddhist philosophy. Cultivating mind is important for understanding how various processes affect our perception and attitude to the world. In this respect, faith and confidence are key factors affecting belief systems. However, people believe in or accept something because they have confidence in it, but not because it is written in religious scriptures, or because a certain philosophical or religious movement accepts it. In other words, human mind is not subject solely to rational explanation of the world. Many aspects lie beyond the reason and intellectual thinking and can be cognized by emotional faculties. One way or another, blind accep tance is inadmissible because thinking process cannot capture the depth of the processes and activities. There is an assumption that, in order to accept happiness, dissatisfaction is the first step to reach the goal. The idea is slightly congruent with Descartes’s deliberations on the concept of ambivalence and oppositions. A person can conceive the concept of happiness and peace as soon as he/she realizes what it means to be upset, discouraged, and angry. All these aspects are also differently perceived and depend largely on the set of experiences an individual gains in the course of life.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, dissatisfaction, as the ground thesis in Buddhism, entails suffering and endless searching. Individuals should undergo suffering, sorrow, and pain to understand how happiness can be achieved. As a result, being happy means being liberated from sorrow and suffering. Our understanding of happiness is strongly associated with the way our mind approaches reality. People can differently evaluate specific situations. Some individuals might think that happiness is impossible to achieve unless they are bound by stereotypes and prejudices whereas others firmly believe that happiness is possible as soon they found the boundaries of their consciousness. Contextual reality, therefore, is largely constructed by the way we measure external processes. The core sense of mind training does not consist in sustaining firm beliefs and attitudes about various concepts. Indeed, specific vision of reality is largely predetermined by the extent to which individuals focus on self-confidence an d self-development. Self-centered approach to perceiving reality often prevents from interpreting it in an objective way. The point is that people mistakenly think that craving is the key to achieving peace and happiness. In fact, to perceive the reality as it is can be possible through denial and removal of the existence of sel. According to Buddhism, self-delusion is the main cause of unhappiness. At the same time, human mind is capable of achieving happiness by interpreting reality in its own way, which is also a kind of self-delusion. The human mind has the ability to interpret reality differently in the course of gaining experience and evolving. Deep reflection on the transformation of human mind and human consciousness are brightly represented in the Chinese philosophy. In particular, the Chinese philosophers adhere to the evidence of existence of a specific pattern that shapes the ultimate reality and that stands separately from human perception. Therefore, human nature has t he capability of disclosing the reality of thing differently because of a set of factors shaping their vision. In this respect, reality can also be regarded as a combination of individual realities. It is logical to assert, therefore, that reality cannot be perceived as an ultimate representation of things, but the one that is characterized by the presence of individuals. The sense of belonging of the individual to the whole reality is closely connected to the spiritual dimension, as well as to the degree to which a person identifies himself/herself with the reality. In addition, although the way we perceive things stands beyond the ultimate reality of things, human nature is still rooted in the ultimate representation. Thus, individuals originally have knowledge of things and recognize the efforts to cognize the reality. The fact that the mind is the precursor all conditioned things is justified because it predetermines the quality of our life, as well as our future actions. The hu man mind is also the forerunner of all conflicts and misunderstandings because of the previously cultivated perceptions and concepts. Therefore, retraining and controlling the mind is the key to understanding and reconciliation. False images and interpretation of the ultimate reality will not contribute to avoiding ideological confrontations. In order to cognize the ultimate reality, the Buddhist philosophers argue that individuals should know, control, and train their minds to liberate from existing stereotypes. Moreover, asserting that human nature is inherent part of ultimate reality also seems logical. As soon as we become aware of the importance of training and controlling our mind provides new perspectives of setting our consciousness free. There are people who live in the realm of ideas, image, symbols, and concepts. However, this world does not characterize the real state of things. This is where theory is distinguished from empirical experience. Accumulating knowledge from practical experience can be valued because it contributes to resolving and understanding the essence of things. Reluctance to understand reality can lead to conflict because the conditioned dimension implies abiding the things that are not actually presented as we see them. Despite the fact that the reality exists independent from human mind, the conflicts and confusion will still be generated as long as humans stop distorting the ultimate reality. In conclusion, it should be stressed that the human mind should not have ideological and stereotypical boundaries because it prevents them from perceiving objectively the ultimate reality. However, because human nature originates from the objective reality, our belief system, perceptions, and attitudes should also be regarded as representation of this reality. Therefore, people should focus on training, controlling, and cognizing their minds in order to avoid conflict and confusions, as well as achieve happiness and harmony with other peo ple. Work Cited Wallace, Alan B. Buddhism with an Attitude: The Tibetan Seven-Point Mind-Training. US: Snow Lion Publications, 2003, Print. This essay on Importance of Training Mind to Find Happiness and Meaning of Life was written and submitted by user Anders Erickson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.