Economic Effects of Immigration Essay - 3505 Words

The most avidly debated effects of immigration involve the United States’ economy and labor force. It is estimated that there are 12 million undocumented immigrants in the United States today, and their impact on the economy can be perceived as positive as well as negative. The overall effect is unclear, and this essay will present both sides of the debate. Many economic factors have been influenced by an increasing number of immigrants that have entered our country. Population growth has had a direct effect on our economy. The rate of population increase and how equip the United States is to handle this growth could have many different effects on the economy that could be considered productive or destructive to our economy.†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, many could argue that immigration has had an extreme effect on our job market and immigrants are occupying jobs that should belong to American citizens. Either side of the argument on immigration contains valid points that are worth discussing and considering in the debate over economic effects that immigrants pose on this country. There are many arguments and many different view points on this complex subject, but the attempt throughout this paper will involve balanced arguments from both sides of the issue concerning economic effects in result of increased populatio n from immigration, how our welfare and government funded programs have been affected by immigration economically, and the economic effects that immigration has had on our labor markets. Population growth has occurred immensely throughout the world and projected tracts show a considerable increase within the United States and throughout the world through the year 2050. Population growth at an overwhelming rate can cause many effects on a society. More people within the United States can result in fewer resources for citizens. To increase these sources we must produce more, and to achieve this we must use our economic resources. Immigration into the United States has been so prevalent during the past few decades that it has had a significant effect over the growth rate of our population. â€Å"If immigration continues at itsShow MoreRelatedEconomic Effects of Immigration in the Uk Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Effects of Immigration in the UK Within the past ten years, immigration has tripled in the UK. The rising trend of immigration has led to a strongly negative perception towards foreigners within the British population. Economists have a more modest opinion on immigration; the economic impact of immigration seems crucial, but it would seem that it in fact only has a small effect on the domestic labor market. Furthermore, the Home Office has indirectly conceded that they have lost theRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The Social And Economic Economy2042 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Examining the effects that immigration may have on the social and economic economy in the United States of America is perpetual. This research will begin with the establishing of the National Origins Act of 1924 (NOA), and how NOA impedes on the genesis contract that began the settlement of these united states. The signing of the Immigration Bill in 1965, how it facilitates a much needed common ground approach to a more legislative approach. 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However, others believe that the immigration policy achieves its intended purpose and that the migrants, eventually, bring tremendous positive economic outcomesRead MoreTrade Policy For The New President Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages10 November 2016 Trade Policy for the New President: Concerning Immigration In the recent decades, member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have seen rapid growth in the foreign-born population which has stimulated research on the socio-economic impacts of immigration. There has been great amounts of research done to produce literature like that of Gould (1994) that propose that immigration has proven statistically to have a significant positive impactRead MoreDoes Immigration Have Positive Or Negative Effects On Recipient Nation States?1523 Words   |  7 PagesDoes immigration have positive or negative effects on recipient nation states? Immigration is defined as the migration of a group of individuals from their home country to another country in search of social, economic and political sustainability (Flores Loss, 2010). Kim and Koo (2016) report that the number of immigrants is rapidly increasing in Korea, the population of immigration rise from approximately 1.5 million in 2013 to more than 7 million as of 2014, which is equivalent to almost 14 percentRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION ImmigrationRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflict

Our Babies, Ourselves, By Meredith Small - 1752 Words

In Meredith Small’s article Our Babies, Ourselves she focuses on people’s social and psychological development through examining the different cultural aspects of raising a child. During this process she compares the American perspective of treating babies, to those of the Gusii and the Dutch. Throughout her examination many points are made that I believe can give the reader’s a valuable understanding of the impact of different means of parenthood on a child’s future development. First and foremost, I would like to examine the American culture. In America the idea of individualism is the most prevalent when speaking in terms of raising a child. Most parents will not hold their babies as much as in other cultures, and they place them in rooms of their own to sleep in as Meredith points out in her article. Furthermore, in most cases American parents will simply ignore the cries of their child in order to instill the idea of individualism and self-reliance at a young age. It is my belief that this idea of self-reliance was instill in all Americans within the foundation of our country. Our country is a capitalist nation that if you work hard enough you can do anything you want to, but also whoever is the best will essentially be at the top of this hierarchical system. Therefore, I believe that the reason American parents decide to instill this since of individualism within their children, is in hope that they will remember these values as they continue growing an d one day faceShow MoreRelatedVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 Pagesthe time difference between France and here. But that doesnt explain why I feel so scared. So lost. The day before yesterday, while Aunt Judith and Margaret and I were driving back from the airport, I had such a strange feeling. When we turned onto our street I suddenly thought, Mom and Dad are waiting for us at home. I bet theyll be on the front porch or in the living room looking out the window. 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Equipment’s It Invests In Property Market â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Equipments It Invests In Property Market? Answer: Introducation Accounts receivable refer to the amount that the business organizations expect to receive from their debtors as a result of credit sales. Evaluation: From the case study, it has been seen that the trade receivable official nhas all the required steps related to accounts receivable. For example, in case of medical instrument return by the consumer, the respected official drawn credit notes in favor of the customer after investigating the reasons behind the return and the documentation process. Moreover, officials sent the related journal postings along with receipts to the bank for the preparation of deposit slip. Thus, it can be seen that the risk is high. Audit Risk: The trade relievable has undertaken all the necessary steps related to receivables. The risk involved in this case is that the trade receivable officials might inflate the receivables in order to show lesser amount of receivables (Arens, Elder Mark, 2012). Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: In order to reduce the accounts receivable risk of GPSA, the officials must separate out different actions related to the accounts receivable among the staffs. Investment: Investment refers to a particular amount of money that can be converted into cash within a period of three to twelve months. Thus, it is considered as cash equivalent. Evaluation: Business investment use to influence the whole accounting systems of the companies and this, it needs to be differently treated. Hence, risk related to investments is medium. Audit Risk: Risk in investments arrive when the investments are done without taking into consideration the related risk factors with it. Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: It is needed to inspect the return from investments on a regular basis. Moreover, the investment process, the related investment trends needs to be analyzed. Property Assets and Resources: The accounts associated with this are considered as fixed assets and the depreciation related with the fixed assets. Evaluation: The ineffective registration of fixed assets and ineffective calculation of depreciation can negatively affect the financial statements of the companies. Thus, the risk is high associated with property assets and resources (Vona, 2012). Audit Risk: Audit risk can be arrived in case the accounts do not differentiate the utilization of resources for more than 180 days and less than 180 days and they do not record this effectively. Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: It is needed to maintain the ledger of these accounts properly in order to bring coordination between purchase and sales. In addition, the amount of impairment also needs to be evaluated. Intangible Assets: The major accounts related with intangible assets are goodwill, patents, copyright and others. Evaluation: The thorough examination of intangible assets is required in order to determine the value and recognition mode. The definite or indefinite life period of them needs to be determined. Thus, risk related to these assets is high. Audit Risk: It is difficult to ascertain the fair value of intangible assets as they do not have any physical existence. Apart from this, variance can be seen between the acquirement cost and fair value of intangible assets (William Jr, Glover Prawitt, 2016). Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: The professionals need to determine the fair value of the intangible assets. Audit risk can be reduced by implementing control over the process to determine the fair value of the intangible assets. Capitalization of Firms Research and Development: It can be seen that GPSA research activities were not growing and thus, it is possible that both the profit and loss accounts are debited. Evaluation: A very thin gap can be seen between the successful and unsuccessful research. Ineffective recognition can lead to high risk as the research processes include high amount of money. Audit Risk: Inherent audit risks can be seen in case of unsuccessful research processes. Furthermore, it is difficult to mention the specific amount of money related with the research process (Ashley-Smith, 2013). Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: It is needed to properly examine all the ledger accounts related with these researches. In addition, it is needed to carry out a marker research before involving in any kinds of research activities. The evaluation of major ratios is discussed below: Return on Equity: In case of return of equity, a downward trend can be observed in return on equity of the company as it decreased from 22.7% in 2015 to 7.19% in 2017. It indicates the decreased capacity of the company to generate profit from investments. Thus, major risks can be seen in profitability on equity of the company (Hevert, 2013). Earned Return on Total Assets: In case of return on total assets, a downward trend can also be observed as it decreased from 15.52% in 2015 to 4.86% in 2017. It indicates that the capacity of the company to generate income before tax and to gain tax against resources has reduced. Thus, it is a major risk in the company (Kabajeh, Al Nuaimat Dahmash, 2012). Net Profit Margin Analysis: Declining trend can also be seen in the net profit margin of the company as in dreaded from 17.85% in 2015 to 10.38% in 2017. It shows the reduced capacity of the company to earn profits and leads to the high risk of profitability. This is one of the major financial risks of the companies as the company is failing in the generation of higher net profit (Stahl et al., 2012). Time Earned Ratio Analysis: The capacity of the company to earn interest has decreased as the times earned ratio decreased from 4.10 in 2015 to 1.90 in 2017. It leads to the financial risks as the firm is losing its capacity to earn interest incomes. Days in Accounts Receivable: It can be seen that there has been an increase in the days in accounts receivable from 53.24 in 2015 days to 83.07 in 2017. This aspect increases the bad debt risk of the company for the increase in the chance to not recover the receivables (Michalski, 2013). Current Ratio Analysis: A riding trend can be seen in the current ration of the company. However, it needs to mention that in 2016, the current ratio was 1.80. Thus, the risk of not utilizing the working capital of the company remains high (Babalola Abiola, 2013). Debt to Equity Ratio Analysis: Higher debt to equity ratio that is more than one show the high leverage of the company and it implies that the company is hugely dependent on long-term debts. This aspect increases the financial risk of the companies, as the company has to pay higher amount of money as interest expenses (Palley, 2013). The internal control in the system is discussed below: (a) Effective Control Bonus Disbursement: Shareholders of the companies can assess the bonus paid to the managers. The responsible person to prepare budget needs to be asked to explain the reasons for budget variance (Soudani, 2012). Password Protection: Passwords helped the form in protecting various applications to restrict free admittance. It is needed to assess the success of the companys IT system. Permitting Discount: In the company, the system is to obtain permission from sales director in order to provide the customers with various discounts (Soudani, 2012). Trade Receivable: At the time to close the accounts, the trade receivables are merged with the debtor accounts. Aging Evaluation: After considering the amount of all the invoices, the aged evaluation of receivables is done with the assistance of computerized systems. Financial controller of the firm is responsible for this evaluation. The responsible officials for receivable management are asked to produce the reasons behind the delays in payments. Doubtful Debt: As a part of the follow up strategy of the companys doubtful debts, further shipments to the specific customers are refused in case of the not payment of required minimum amount (Soudani, 2012). (b) Risk Alleviated Admittance to Database: Even in the presence of strong password to access the companys specific programs, it can be seen that there is not any password protection of the database of the firm that increases the risk of unlawful access. Physical Delivery Notes: Shipping tiles to the customers increases the amount of manual notes. Increased amount of notes leads to the increase risks in making mistakes in these notes (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). Single Individual Responsible for Diverse Activities: It can be seen in the company that a single person is responsible for carrying on diverse business operations. A single clerk is responsible for issuing of credit notes, documentation of reasons, management of trade receivables and many others. Thus, the chance to make mistakes by the clerk increases (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). (c) Test of Control Test of control is one of the major processes of audit to examine the internal control of the companies. The classification of test of control is done below: Re-performance: As a part of this system, there is the introduction of a new transaction for the examination of internal control (Numan Willekens, 2012). Inspection: In this process, the assessment of important documents is done with the help of stamps and authorized signatures. Observation: In this system, all the business processes ate observed and assessed in order to bring improvements. The control systems are discussed below: Bonus Distribution: In order to distribute bonus, internal control system can be used. Password Protection: In order to protect the passwords, the inspection tactic of control can be used. Discount Allowance: In case of the allowance of discounts, the tactic of re-performance can be used. Trade Receivable: The performance of re-performance can be used for the management of trade receivables. Aging Analysis: Both the tactics of observation and inspection can be used in this regard. Doubtful Debt: In this situation, the re-performance tactics can be used (Numan Willekens, 2012). The weaknesses in sales and trade receivables are discussed below: Sales Bonus to the management is provided based on the sales volume of the company. This is a weakness as the sale s figures can be increased with the help of manipulation. Manual declarations for sales can include the chance for mistakes and faults. The chance of misplacement on the sales journals cannot be ignored, as they are produced monthly basis (Skaife, Veenman Wangerin, 2013). Trade Receivables It can be seen that the trade receivables officials are also responsible for business receivables. This reason can lead to the unintentional mistakes or errors in the financial statements. This is a major weakness in trade receivables. At the end of every month, the trade receivables are merged with the bank receipts. This aspect represents an extensive period for the settlement of some of the key items of the company like receivables (Skaife, Veenman Wangerin, 2013). References Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Mark, B. (2012). Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Boston: Prentice Hall. Ashley-Smith, J. (2013).Risk assessment for object conservation. Routledge. Babalola, Y. A., Abiola, F. R. (2013). Financial ratio analysis of firms: A tool for decision making.International journal of management sciences,1(4), 132-137. Chopra, S., Sodhi, M. S. (2014). Reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions.MIT Sloan Management Review,55(3), 73. Hevert, S. R. B. (2013). Return on Equity. Kabajeh, M. A. M., Al Nuaimat, S. M. A., Dahmash, F. N. (2012). The relationship between the ROA, ROE and ROI ratios with Jordanian insurance public companies market share prices.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,2(11), 115-120. Michalski, G. (2013). Portfolio management approach in trade credit decision making.arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3823. Numan, W., Willekens, M. (2012). An empirical test of spatial competition in the audit market.Journal of Accounting and Economics,53(1), 450-465. Palley, T. I. (2013). Financialization: what it is and why it matters. InFinancialization(pp. 17-40). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Skaife, H. A., Veenman, D., Wangerin, D. (2013). Internal control over financial reporting and managerial rent extraction: Evidence from the profitability of insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), 91-110. Soudani, S. N. (2012). The usefulness of an accounting information system for effective organizational performance.International Journal of Economics and Finance,4(5), 136. Stahl, F., Heitmann, M., Lehmann, D. R., Neslin, S. A. (2012). The impact of brand equity on customer acquisition, retention, and profit margin.Journal of Marketing,76(4), 44-63. Vona, L. W. (2012).Fraud risk assessment: building a fraud audit program. John Wiley Sons. William Jr, M., Glover, S., Prawitt, D. (2016).Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth Essay Example

Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth Paper The graph above shows the data that establishes the relationship between rolling resistance of the bicycle and the sinkage depth of the tire on the sand bed. The relationship is found to be linear and is the only linear relationship in the whole experiment . As the sinkage depth of the tire increases the rolling resistance of the tire also increases . This shows that rolling resistance is directly proportional to sinkage depth . As we saw above the relationship between sinkage depth and the air pressure of the tire is varied and at the best can be explained by a polynomial trend . Arriving at the final conclusion for the rolling resistance based on the sole evidence of the sinkage depth on behalf of the air pressure of the tire. We can state that in order to determine the best possible value for the least resistance we would have to arrive at the a value offers the least sinkage depth for a given air pressure in order to attain the least rolling resistance the tire faces and optimize the force efficiency . Rolling resistance in this case is primarily caused due to a characteristic of a deformable material such that energy of deformation is greater than the energy of recovery . We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this case the rubber component of the tire causes hysteresis , a property characteristic to elastic tires . The hysteresis causes the tire tire to lose energy due to the constant stretch and recovery . Looking at the results obtained from the experiment and the trends observed it can be stated that the primary cause that has affected the rolling resistance by the tire due its sinkage depth is the compressibility of the sand and the elasticity of the tire . The compressibility of the sand or compaction resistance is usually produced in this case by the work done by the cycle in making a rut of the depth . Another factor affecting the rolling resistance due to the sinakge depth is the amount of sand displaced by the tire in displacing the soil. The wheel compresses in the sand pushes out the sand from its original place. Hence as the work done by the bicycle increases in order to remove the sand from the original place the rolling resistance increases. The bulldozing resistance is mitigated by the fact that a portion of the soil is pushed to the sides of the wheel. The results from the experiment show polynomical trend rather than a linear trend . the most desirable data for the rolling resistance would be the sinkage depth as the rolling resistance force is directly proportional to the sinkage depth . The graph starts off with a sinkage depth of 0. 98 cm due to 49. 04 kPa and decreases until it reaches 0. 2 cm from which the value of the sinkage depth starts to increase . At 147. 12 kPA the tire has a considerable amount f air inflated . The amount of the air inflated is between the range of the air pressure classified as underflated an overflated. The ideal air pressure which in this case is 147. 12 kPa increases the thread area of the tire on the sand bed , increasing the width of the tore on the sand which causes the force of the tire on the sand to be spread out in the surface rather actually penetration the sand bed . At 49kPa and 98kPa there the tire is almost mildly inflated . With the tires fully inflated capacity being 320. 26kPA , these two pressure allow the tire to be inflated just 15. 3% and 30. 6% of their maximum capacity respectively . While pedaling the bicycle because of the lack of the air pressure of the tire and bicycle frame comes in close contact and force the sidewalls of the tire to flex due to the force that is being applied and pushes the bicycle deep into the sand bed due to this flexing phenomenon . From the above data we cannot establish linear relationship between air pressure and sinkage depth . There are many factors that affect the sinkage depth of a tire due to the air pressure . The air pressure of the tire causes the tread material in the tire to expand as it is partially filled and when the tread material is on the sand it adjusts the frame and the tread in a suitable manner . However as the air pressure in the tire increases and the tire is capacity for the air pressure reduces , the air that is present in the tire has less freedom to move around so as to adjust the frame and the tread of the tire in order to efficiently place itself . Hence as the air pressure in the tire begins to fill the tire up completely the sinkage depth in the tire increases . The air pressure in the tire limits the thread from spreading out the force on the sand and hence on a surface area of the sand as the force increases because it can’t be spread out the pressure on the sand increases and the tire sinks in deeper . Our research question which formed the basis of the essay was How does change in Sinkage depth of a tire affect the rolling resistance . The main of this experiment was to establish a relationship between sinkage depth of the tire and the rolling resistance it faces . The experiment involved allowing a bicycle , with specific air pressure which was measured using an air pressure gauge , with trainers to roll down a wooden ramp of length 5 meters and width 3 metres inclined at an angle of 45 ° to the ground . The bicycle after rolling down from the ramp rolled on a sand bed that was smoothened and softened by hand . The sand was wetted by adding 250cm3 of tap water in a linear manner , in order to make the sand retentive of the sinkage marks made by the tire. The reading of the sinkage depth was measured with the help of a vernier caliper. Consequently, the rolling resistance was calculated using these values . At the end of the experiment we successfully derived a linear relationship between the sinkage depth of the tire and the rolling resistance. The rolling resistance that the tire faces is directly proportional to the sinkage depth of the tire. Hence as the sinkage depth of the tire increases so does the rolling resistance 9it faces . In order to find the air pressure of the tire propagates the rolling resistance , we have to find the air pressure which has the least rolling resistance value . The absolute uncertainties that were obtained in our experiment for the rolling resistance were low , this shows that the values that we have obtained are precise . Performing this experiment at a small scale makes the rolling resistance negliblie. The devices that were used to measure the numerical values had a low least count . From the results that have been , there is a high possibility of the presence of random errors since the values that have been recorded show an inconsistency at unlikely events during the experiment. The experiment involved focusing on a variable and its outcome on a particular event . At best this approach can be considered incomplete as there are others factors present in the experiment that might affected the rolling resistance equally if not partially . There is a high possibility that the temperature also a major impact on the experiment and hence further areas for research include involving temperature as a variable in deciding if sinkage depth alone affects the rolling resistance linearly . Another area left for research and investigation is to find a quantitative data for the rolling resistance coefficient. In the experiment we found several data for the rolling resistance co-efficient , however we couldn’t compare this to a literature value due to a lack of research of bicycles on sand . Limitations in the model The limitations in the experiment that has been performed mainly arises from the various assumptions that have been made . The sand that was used as for the sand bed was procured from an open sea beach. Although the sand was smoothened and sieved there is a high possibility that the sand contained minute impurities such as small fragments of shell which might have had an counter-effect on the compressibility of the sand. It is also possible that the there was a high content of salt deposits on the sand as the sea water contained salt and the water from the sand had evaporated leaving behind salt deposits on the sand . We could have instead used soil instead as a surface bought from the market as this would be possibly have more uniformity than the sand . As mentioned in the method of investigation , the cycle had trainers attached to them while it rolled down the ramp in order to balance the cycle as it rolled down and prevent it from falling over . Since the trainers are wheels it is possible that they too contributed to the rolling resistance that the bicycle faced . However since all the quantitative values were recorded when the cycle was attached with trainers , the trainers have uniformly affected the rolling resistance in each trial and hence has no overall effect on the trend . The experiment also involved pouring a specific amount of water on the sand in order to increase the retentive ability if the sand . However , what has not been established in the experiment is the right amount of water that should be added to sand in order to increase the retentive ability . An increased amount of water in the sand will reduce the elasticity of the sand even though increasing the retentive ability of the sand. This will be detrimental to the experiment the actual sinkage depth of the tire will be reduced . Also , water was poured on the sand only once during the experiment . there is also a possibility that the water evaporated during the experiment , hence reducing the retentive ability of the sand and causing a discrepancy in the values obtained. The experiment was performed on in the outdoors during the day . The heat of sunlight was transferred to these materials used in the experiment , but since these materials have different thermal absorption capacitates their temperature might have varied. an abrupt increase in temperature induces a transient friction response similar to that induced by a step decrease in velocity ( Chester , 2012 ) . Since sand has a higher thermal capacity than wood the change in the temperature might cause a discrepancy . in order to control this variable we could have performed the experiment indoors with the temperature controlled by an air conditioner at 25a µC .