Suicides in Foxconn

FOXCONN Abstract: Principles of  Organizational Behavior  from the point of view, combined with Foxconn employees work attitude,  job satisfaction  and work pressure, etc. , on a world-renowned company Foxconn consecutive suicides occurred in a comparative analysis to explain the business In the era of the  development  process need to strengthen the management measures. Keywords: Foxconn, suicide, cognitive dissonance, job satisfaction,  work pressure From January 2010 to November 2010, just 11 months time, the industry's leading OEM companies Foxconn employees took place more than a dozen suicides.Shocked the whole community, Foxconn is also pushed to the cusp of public opinion, resulting in the suicide for many reasons, this paper will follow the principles of organizational behavior, from the attitude of staff,  job satisfaction  and  work pressure  angle analyze, and to make business in the context of the times need to be strengthened management measures. F irst, the background events Foxconn managementJanuary 23, 2010, 19-year-old horse to move in staff training at the southern quarters Foxconn death in 2010, the evening of March 11, 0930, Fuji Kang Longhua base, surnamed Li, a 20-year-old male C2 in the living quarters, 5th Floor, fall dead †¦ †¦ November 5, 2010, a 23-year-old park in Shenzhen Foxconn male workers committed suicide, which occurred since the beginning of the fourteenth consecutive suicides. Second, the Foxconn management event analysis Foxconn management event, the staff of suicide can be divided into two separate aspects of the occurrence and collective place. A separate suicide When a suicide occurs, Foxconn, Foxconn recruitment at the entrance is still full of people, when asked whether the candidates know that Foxconn suicide, the answer is known. When asked why to candidates, the answer is to open here on time wages, never in arrears. Foxconn released from the treatment of employees to see their three meals a day can guarantee accommodation hardware, transportation, laundry and other basic living conditions can be guaranteed, which is also a number of job seekers in the know Foxconn suicide after the incident still choose to work Foxconn reasons.Why these basic conditions are met, the staff, the staff or the successive suicides happen? The reasons are manifold. Data show the continuous Foxconn suicides have occurred in the younger generation of employees. Therefore, these new generation of employees to its own characteristics and has a lot of suicide, such as the current business environment caused by excessive pressure on the employees, and these pressure generation, from the perspective of  Organizational Behavior  is the cognitive dissonance caused by the employees.Cognitive dissonance refers to any form of attitudes and behavior are inconsistent will people feel uncomfortable, so the individual will try to reduce this mismatch, uncomfortable, if not improve cognitive diss onance, then the pressure will increase staff, accumulated to a certain extent when the pressure can not resolve, there may lead to suicide.Cognitive dissonance caused by Foxconn employees is mainly due to low  job satisfaction  a long time, Foxconn did not lower employee  job satisfaction  to improve this problem and take effective measures, low  job satisfaction  is the work of various factors caused, mainly due to the following four points:   1. Interest in  working  with low input pressure is huge. Foxconn, front-line staff here is equivalent to a large machine parts, every day repeating the same work, and is refined into a product of a step, spend months and years do the accumulated pressure is very great, because such work is not only monotonous, but also hard to put into it.Relative to the new generation of employees, their fathers on the job satisfaction can  make money  mainly depends on the simple duplication of work brought about by the pressure and can deliver the economic income compared to income is dominant, even if than the current pressures facing the new generation of larger,  make money  to achieve this goal will significantly reduce the cognitive dissonance caused by pressure, while the new generation of employees no onger earn money as migrant workers for the sole purpose, more more to lifestyle changes and seek better opportunities, when they face such a person is equivalent to the production machine as pArt  of boring work, it can not compensate for low wages brought about by the work of cognitive dissonance. 2. Respect for the low social groups, lack the necessary communication. Foxconn, work to calculate the precision to use seconds, no time to stop  working  together, not to mention the exchange between each other. orking  time, work at Foxconn The staff are aware, no overtime is not making money, so their normal  working  time is 12 hours to two shifts, that in addition to work, the remaining tim e is extremely limited. to work together tired after work activities of employees is best returned to the bedroom to rest, and live in a bedroom with its employees do not work nearly the same time, it will appear in the management of the incident, Foxconn to be able to call all their own bedroom of names of staff reward thing. pace, Foxconn Although a large number of employees, but basically no staff their own organization, the villagers will be, students will be able to enhance employee communications and other organizations is essential not. this environment also makes the job satisfaction greatly reduced. Links to free download http://eng. hi138. com   3. Difficult to achieve self-worth, aspirations and reality together far.Foxconn, even if it is determined in accordance with the system 12 hours of overtime to work two shifts, the hand is 1000 yuan. And these new generation of employees  working  at Foxconn Although subjected to a certain degree of education, but its still somewhat lacking in life skills. and some small and medium enterprises are often overdue wages compared to wages is at work here on time, and the living conditions of the hardware is relatively good, so in Fuji  health  work is an inevitable choice. nowingly choose to pay the difficulties is difficult to achieve their ideals, it is difficult to change the status quo. and now a new generation of employees is far less than the income of the purchasing power of their parents, hard work hard to get self- realization, leading to low job satisfaction. 4. The pressure did not retreat. In addition to this little way, and staff ompared to the older generation, a new generation of people growing up is different this generation growing up with their fathers to be superior compared to many, their lives frame of reference is age of the city, their requirements of life is urbanization, the rural peace of mind so that they can go back to farming is unrealistic, while due to its own conditions, you want to really integrate into urban society, there is a certain distance, But a new generation of employees or to strive with, Foxconn is  working  towards his dream of an important step forward, but as conditions, skills and other limitations, further  developmentis difficult, even if left Foxconn, a company may be next Another â€Å"Foxconn†, or difficult to achieve genuine integration into the city this goal. Home go back, work hard in the city into which a new generation of employees to enhance dilemma pressure. (Two consecutive suicide 1. Continuous coverage of suicide affect employee attitudes, suicide is contagious in the study of suicide, suicide is a certain contagious. Many studies have described for television, radio and other media reported that a number of detailed suicide, and the community of suicide or attempted suicide on the increase in incidents. 2.Suicide after the incident, the measures taken by Foxconn is not effective in the Foxconn suicides occurred during a continuous, its management of the event there is no effective intervention and management of change. Spate of jumping incident, Foxconn's management brought in Wutai Mountain is one of the most famous monk, to pray for the dead zone. This will not only ease the suicide is not contagious, but also increased the mysterious suicide of employees psychological spirits causing mischief that is psychological implications, so that employees feel that they commit suicide are from God. This is not fundamentally solve the suicide contagious impact on staff. Third, the  enterprise management  measures to reduce employee suicide   1 play to the functions of trade unions.Foxconn great personal strength in the face of a small capital, and only effectively play the role of trade unions, employees and businesses in order to make equal dialogue becomes possible, in order to be binding on the company, the employees protection of the rights of the working pressure to get some re lief. (2) relying on the country to encourage policies that seek to achieve business transformation as a foundry, low labor costs in order to build and expand in the market. This has resulted in low staff salaries,  development  of small issues. Want to change this a situation, only to high value-added industries, so companies do not rely on cheap labor to profit, so that employees have the opportunity to realize their value to the enterprise, reduce work pressure. focus on enhancing employee job satisfaction and make the appropriate adjustment (1 to improve the work, increase employee interest can learn the advanced management concept, in the same or different production lines adjacent to implement regular exchange of staff for a long time do not let the same work, to reduce pressure on staff to reduce long repeated mechanical action of fatigue, increase employee interest (2 to enhance communication between employees can be set up work space communication among workers, who exc hanges the same bedroom ways to improve the communication environment (3 vocational training to increase staff can be set up some useful talent  developmenttraining programs, making the lack of employment skills and relatively low quality of the staff have the opportunity to learn, have the opportunity to move into management, but also to more good localdevelopment  of the capital. 4 when a crisis occurs, urgent and effective response when an enterprise such extreme issues early, companies should try to coordinate with the media and other relevant departments, to seek the opinion of the continuous occurrence to minimize the impact of suicide. Fourth, the prospectOEM companies such as Foxconn, China's economic prosperity and has a huge role in the development of its glorious past, but today the face of new situation, they face not only the extreme behavior of employees, but also There are a range of issues such as labor shortage. how in the rapid development of social background, to manage a new generation of employees, how to increase their job satisfaction, how to make them run better with the business, how to make them realize their ideals , healthy life, etc. These efforts not only businesses, but also the whole community should think about problems and believe in the company, society, joint efforts of a new generation of employees, the problem can be resolved and hope that Fuji extreme events such as  health  management problems do not happen again. Links to free download http://eng. hi138. com

Why Was the Work of Andy Warhol in the 1960’s?

A2 Art Essay: Why was the work of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein immediately popular in the 1960’s? Roy Lichtenstein rapidly became popular in the 1960’s with his very original pop art pieces which he based many on comic strips, advertisements or newspapers. These tended to be the main inspiration for his work; this is because the subjects would tend to be exceedingly emotional and melodramatic. He became an idol to the American culture by adding in comic book characters which were very popular at the time.One of his most renowned pieces that he made was almost certainly ‘WHAAAM! ’ which is based on an image from ‘All American Men of War’ published by DC comics in 1962. This is a wonderful piece that reflects strongly what life was like around that period of time, this made it extremely popular amongst the people. The painting shows a rocket being fired from an aircraft into an enemy plane, with a large red-and-yellow explosion on the plane b eing hit. The cartoon is made a great deal more dramatic by the use of the onomatopoeic lettering â€Å"Whaam! and the boxed caption on the top left of the painting reading, â€Å"I pressed the fire control†¦ and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky†¦ † like the painting â€Å"WHAAAM! † many of Roy lichtensteins works were hard-edged with commercial techniques and he used flat and new colours which were used to portray culturally-popular ‘pop’ images. Another one of my favourite pieces is ‘Girl with ribbon’ I find it portrays a strong sense of emotion to viewers, like many of his other pieces it only tells a snippet of the story and the rest is left to the viewers imagination.This is the aspect that I love the most, each of his pictures are overly dramatic with sometimes a speech bubble to give you an idea of the story behind the painting, it really makes the viewer think about the piece and let their imagination run wild and decipher meanings for themselves. This is what I am planning on achieving through my coursework, I have studied various works of Roy Lichtenstein’s and through taking photos, have designed my own pieces that also tell a story. Andy Warhol is another New York artist that developed in this genre that used very similar techniques to Roy Lichtenstein.

The Extinction of Fin Whale - 967 Words

Animals are a blessing of God. They are seen in different type, shapes and weights in their own category. In marine animals, there are mostly mammals which are found to be in large number. Fin whale is among those mammals that are found in marine life. This type of whale is found in all types of oceans and is a suborder to baleen whales. Fin whale is a very heavy whale. Its weight is estimated to be around 74-75 tones. The weight is not only the only characteristic but its length is also very interesting. A fin whale is said to be the second longest animal of the world in terms of its length as a fish. A fin whale is a beautiful creation of God. Its body is in brown-grey shades and seems very interesting with a feel of paler and softness†¦show more content†¦Imply rights of animals: there are various associations which are working for their rights of animals. These associations can play their part in preventing fin whales from the attack of hunters. Governments can seek help from them so that they can prevent fin whale from extinction. These measures can be taken to protect fin whale from extinction. But I think the best possible way to prevent extinction is to form rules. Rules can make the situation better and make the issue resolved in a very good way. Countries which are within the limit of governance should use this right of animals and rules policy in order to make fin whale protected from extinction. Fin whale is a rare animal which is found in only specific regions but with no demand of specific type of water. The extinction of fin whale is due to illegal hunting and genocide of whale by hunters. There is lack of vigilance and control over hunting of fin whales. People should be aware of their importance as well as their rights which are being violated by them. There can be various steps which can be used to stop this process of extinction. Foreign policy reforms, general policy formation, research, declaration of rules and seeking help for animal rights are some measures which can be used to make their hunting to stop and save their genocide. In my point of view, I think declaration of rules and seeking help from animal rights association are the two ways by which their extinction can be stopped. SeekingShow MoreRelatedEssay On Whale Shark1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe whale shark is an interesting creature because it is a shark, although it doesn’t have many of the char acteristics of what someone might think of when they hear â€Å"shark.† Instead of being aggressive top predators, whale sharks are mostly docile and calm creatures that feed on plankton. Their interactions with humans are gentle, and they tend to either not care about humans or go along with their surroundings. 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Economic Effects of Immigration Essay - 3505 Words

The most avidly debated effects of immigration involve the United States’ economy and labor force. It is estimated that there are 12 million undocumented immigrants in the United States today, and their impact on the economy can be perceived as positive as well as negative. The overall effect is unclear, and this essay will present both sides of the debate. Many economic factors have been influenced by an increasing number of immigrants that have entered our country. Population growth has had a direct effect on our economy. The rate of population increase and how equip the United States is to handle this growth could have many different effects on the economy that could be considered productive or destructive to our economy.†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, many could argue that immigration has had an extreme effect on our job market and immigrants are occupying jobs that should belong to American citizens. Either side of the argument on immigration contains valid points that are worth discussing and considering in the debate over economic effects that immigrants pose on this country. There are many arguments and many different view points on this complex subject, but the attempt throughout this paper will involve balanced arguments from both sides of the issue concerning economic effects in result of increased populatio n from immigration, how our welfare and government funded programs have been affected by immigration economically, and the economic effects that immigration has had on our labor markets. Population growth has occurred immensely throughout the world and projected tracts show a considerable increase within the United States and throughout the world through the year 2050. Population growth at an overwhelming rate can cause many effects on a society. More people within the United States can result in fewer resources for citizens. To increase these sources we must produce more, and to achieve this we must use our economic resources. Immigration into the United States has been so prevalent during the past few decades that it has had a significant effect over the growth rate of our population. â€Å"If immigration continues at itsShow MoreRelatedEconomic Effects of Immigration in the Uk Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Effects of Immigration in the UK Within the past ten years, immigration has tripled in the UK. The rising trend of immigration has led to a strongly negative perception towards foreigners within the British population. Economists have a more modest opinion on immigration; the economic impact of immigration seems crucial, but it would seem that it in fact only has a small effect on the domestic labor market. 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Our Babies, Ourselves, By Meredith Small - 1752 Words

In Meredith Small’s article Our Babies, Ourselves she focuses on people’s social and psychological development through examining the different cultural aspects of raising a child. During this process she compares the American perspective of treating babies, to those of the Gusii and the Dutch. Throughout her examination many points are made that I believe can give the reader’s a valuable understanding of the impact of different means of parenthood on a child’s future development. First and foremost, I would like to examine the American culture. In America the idea of individualism is the most prevalent when speaking in terms of raising a child. Most parents will not hold their babies as much as in other cultures, and they place them in rooms of their own to sleep in as Meredith points out in her article. Furthermore, in most cases American parents will simply ignore the cries of their child in order to instill the idea of individualism and self-reliance at a young age. 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Equipment’s It Invests In Property Market â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Equipments It Invests In Property Market? Answer: Introducation Accounts receivable refer to the amount that the business organizations expect to receive from their debtors as a result of credit sales. Evaluation: From the case study, it has been seen that the trade receivable official nhas all the required steps related to accounts receivable. For example, in case of medical instrument return by the consumer, the respected official drawn credit notes in favor of the customer after investigating the reasons behind the return and the documentation process. Moreover, officials sent the related journal postings along with receipts to the bank for the preparation of deposit slip. Thus, it can be seen that the risk is high. Audit Risk: The trade relievable has undertaken all the necessary steps related to receivables. The risk involved in this case is that the trade receivable officials might inflate the receivables in order to show lesser amount of receivables (Arens, Elder Mark, 2012). Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: In order to reduce the accounts receivable risk of GPSA, the officials must separate out different actions related to the accounts receivable among the staffs. Investment: Investment refers to a particular amount of money that can be converted into cash within a period of three to twelve months. Thus, it is considered as cash equivalent. Evaluation: Business investment use to influence the whole accounting systems of the companies and this, it needs to be differently treated. Hence, risk related to investments is medium. Audit Risk: Risk in investments arrive when the investments are done without taking into consideration the related risk factors with it. Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: It is needed to inspect the return from investments on a regular basis. Moreover, the investment process, the related investment trends needs to be analyzed. Property Assets and Resources: The accounts associated with this are considered as fixed assets and the depreciation related with the fixed assets. Evaluation: The ineffective registration of fixed assets and ineffective calculation of depreciation can negatively affect the financial statements of the companies. Thus, the risk is high associated with property assets and resources (Vona, 2012). Audit Risk: Audit risk can be arrived in case the accounts do not differentiate the utilization of resources for more than 180 days and less than 180 days and they do not record this effectively. Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: It is needed to maintain the ledger of these accounts properly in order to bring coordination between purchase and sales. In addition, the amount of impairment also needs to be evaluated. Intangible Assets: The major accounts related with intangible assets are goodwill, patents, copyright and others. Evaluation: The thorough examination of intangible assets is required in order to determine the value and recognition mode. The definite or indefinite life period of them needs to be determined. Thus, risk related to these assets is high. Audit Risk: It is difficult to ascertain the fair value of intangible assets as they do not have any physical existence. Apart from this, variance can be seen between the acquirement cost and fair value of intangible assets (William Jr, Glover Prawitt, 2016). Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: The professionals need to determine the fair value of the intangible assets. Audit risk can be reduced by implementing control over the process to determine the fair value of the intangible assets. Capitalization of Firms Research and Development: It can be seen that GPSA research activities were not growing and thus, it is possible that both the profit and loss accounts are debited. Evaluation: A very thin gap can be seen between the successful and unsuccessful research. Ineffective recognition can lead to high risk as the research processes include high amount of money. Audit Risk: Inherent audit risks can be seen in case of unsuccessful research processes. Furthermore, it is difficult to mention the specific amount of money related with the research process (Ashley-Smith, 2013). Audit Steps to Reduce Risk: It is needed to properly examine all the ledger accounts related with these researches. In addition, it is needed to carry out a marker research before involving in any kinds of research activities. The evaluation of major ratios is discussed below: Return on Equity: In case of return of equity, a downward trend can be observed in return on equity of the company as it decreased from 22.7% in 2015 to 7.19% in 2017. It indicates the decreased capacity of the company to generate profit from investments. Thus, major risks can be seen in profitability on equity of the company (Hevert, 2013). Earned Return on Total Assets: In case of return on total assets, a downward trend can also be observed as it decreased from 15.52% in 2015 to 4.86% in 2017. It indicates that the capacity of the company to generate income before tax and to gain tax against resources has reduced. Thus, it is a major risk in the company (Kabajeh, Al Nuaimat Dahmash, 2012). Net Profit Margin Analysis: Declining trend can also be seen in the net profit margin of the company as in dreaded from 17.85% in 2015 to 10.38% in 2017. It shows the reduced capacity of the company to earn profits and leads to the high risk of profitability. This is one of the major financial risks of the companies as the company is failing in the generation of higher net profit (Stahl et al., 2012). Time Earned Ratio Analysis: The capacity of the company to earn interest has decreased as the times earned ratio decreased from 4.10 in 2015 to 1.90 in 2017. It leads to the financial risks as the firm is losing its capacity to earn interest incomes. Days in Accounts Receivable: It can be seen that there has been an increase in the days in accounts receivable from 53.24 in 2015 days to 83.07 in 2017. This aspect increases the bad debt risk of the company for the increase in the chance to not recover the receivables (Michalski, 2013). Current Ratio Analysis: A riding trend can be seen in the current ration of the company. However, it needs to mention that in 2016, the current ratio was 1.80. Thus, the risk of not utilizing the working capital of the company remains high (Babalola Abiola, 2013). Debt to Equity Ratio Analysis: Higher debt to equity ratio that is more than one show the high leverage of the company and it implies that the company is hugely dependent on long-term debts. This aspect increases the financial risk of the companies, as the company has to pay higher amount of money as interest expenses (Palley, 2013). The internal control in the system is discussed below: (a) Effective Control Bonus Disbursement: Shareholders of the companies can assess the bonus paid to the managers. The responsible person to prepare budget needs to be asked to explain the reasons for budget variance (Soudani, 2012). Password Protection: Passwords helped the form in protecting various applications to restrict free admittance. It is needed to assess the success of the companys IT system. Permitting Discount: In the company, the system is to obtain permission from sales director in order to provide the customers with various discounts (Soudani, 2012). Trade Receivable: At the time to close the accounts, the trade receivables are merged with the debtor accounts. Aging Evaluation: After considering the amount of all the invoices, the aged evaluation of receivables is done with the assistance of computerized systems. Financial controller of the firm is responsible for this evaluation. The responsible officials for receivable management are asked to produce the reasons behind the delays in payments. Doubtful Debt: As a part of the follow up strategy of the companys doubtful debts, further shipments to the specific customers are refused in case of the not payment of required minimum amount (Soudani, 2012). (b) Risk Alleviated Admittance to Database: Even in the presence of strong password to access the companys specific programs, it can be seen that there is not any password protection of the database of the firm that increases the risk of unlawful access. Physical Delivery Notes: Shipping tiles to the customers increases the amount of manual notes. Increased amount of notes leads to the increase risks in making mistakes in these notes (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). Single Individual Responsible for Diverse Activities: It can be seen in the company that a single person is responsible for carrying on diverse business operations. A single clerk is responsible for issuing of credit notes, documentation of reasons, management of trade receivables and many others. Thus, the chance to make mistakes by the clerk increases (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). (c) Test of Control Test of control is one of the major processes of audit to examine the internal control of the companies. The classification of test of control is done below: Re-performance: As a part of this system, there is the introduction of a new transaction for the examination of internal control (Numan Willekens, 2012). Inspection: In this process, the assessment of important documents is done with the help of stamps and authorized signatures. Observation: In this system, all the business processes ate observed and assessed in order to bring improvements. The control systems are discussed below: Bonus Distribution: In order to distribute bonus, internal control system can be used. Password Protection: In order to protect the passwords, the inspection tactic of control can be used. Discount Allowance: In case of the allowance of discounts, the tactic of re-performance can be used. Trade Receivable: The performance of re-performance can be used for the management of trade receivables. Aging Analysis: Both the tactics of observation and inspection can be used in this regard. Doubtful Debt: In this situation, the re-performance tactics can be used (Numan Willekens, 2012). The weaknesses in sales and trade receivables are discussed below: Sales Bonus to the management is provided based on the sales volume of the company. This is a weakness as the sale s figures can be increased with the help of manipulation. Manual declarations for sales can include the chance for mistakes and faults. The chance of misplacement on the sales journals cannot be ignored, as they are produced monthly basis (Skaife, Veenman Wangerin, 2013). Trade Receivables It can be seen that the trade receivables officials are also responsible for business receivables. This reason can lead to the unintentional mistakes or errors in the financial statements. This is a major weakness in trade receivables. At the end of every month, the trade receivables are merged with the bank receipts. This aspect represents an extensive period for the settlement of some of the key items of the company like receivables (Skaife, Veenman Wangerin, 2013). References Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Mark, B. (2012). Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Boston: Prentice Hall. Ashley-Smith, J. (2013).Risk assessment for object conservation. Routledge. Babalola, Y. A., Abiola, F. R. (2013). Financial ratio analysis of firms: A tool for decision making.International journal of management sciences,1(4), 132-137. Chopra, S., Sodhi, M. S. (2014). Reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions.MIT Sloan Management Review,55(3), 73. Hevert, S. R. B. (2013). Return on Equity. Kabajeh, M. A. M., Al Nuaimat, S. M. A., Dahmash, F. N. (2012). The relationship between the ROA, ROE and ROI ratios with Jordanian insurance public companies market share prices.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,2(11), 115-120. Michalski, G. (2013). Portfolio management approach in trade credit decision making.arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3823. Numan, W., Willekens, M. (2012). An empirical test of spatial competition in the audit market.Journal of Accounting and Economics,53(1), 450-465. Palley, T. I. (2013). Financialization: what it is and why it matters. InFinancialization(pp. 17-40). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Skaife, H. A., Veenman, D., Wangerin, D. (2013). Internal control over financial reporting and managerial rent extraction: Evidence from the profitability of insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), 91-110. Soudani, S. N. (2012). The usefulness of an accounting information system for effective organizational performance.International Journal of Economics and Finance,4(5), 136. Stahl, F., Heitmann, M., Lehmann, D. R., Neslin, S. A. (2012). The impact of brand equity on customer acquisition, retention, and profit margin.Journal of Marketing,76(4), 44-63. Vona, L. W. (2012).Fraud risk assessment: building a fraud audit program. John Wiley Sons. William Jr, M., Glover, S., Prawitt, D. (2016).Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth Essay Example

Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth Paper The graph above shows the data that establishes the relationship between rolling resistance of the bicycle and the sinkage depth of the tire on the sand bed. The relationship is found to be linear and is the only linear relationship in the whole experiment . As the sinkage depth of the tire increases the rolling resistance of the tire also increases . This shows that rolling resistance is directly proportional to sinkage depth . As we saw above the relationship between sinkage depth and the air pressure of the tire is varied and at the best can be explained by a polynomial trend . Arriving at the final conclusion for the rolling resistance based on the sole evidence of the sinkage depth on behalf of the air pressure of the tire. We can state that in order to determine the best possible value for the least resistance we would have to arrive at the a value offers the least sinkage depth for a given air pressure in order to attain the least rolling resistance the tire faces and optimize the force efficiency . Rolling resistance in this case is primarily caused due to a characteristic of a deformable material such that energy of deformation is greater than the energy of recovery . We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship of frictional force related to the sinkage depth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this case the rubber component of the tire causes hysteresis , a property characteristic to elastic tires . The hysteresis causes the tire tire to lose energy due to the constant stretch and recovery . Looking at the results obtained from the experiment and the trends observed it can be stated that the primary cause that has affected the rolling resistance by the tire due its sinkage depth is the compressibility of the sand and the elasticity of the tire . The compressibility of the sand or compaction resistance is usually produced in this case by the work done by the cycle in making a rut of the depth . Another factor affecting the rolling resistance due to the sinakge depth is the amount of sand displaced by the tire in displacing the soil. The wheel compresses in the sand pushes out the sand from its original place. Hence as the work done by the bicycle increases in order to remove the sand from the original place the rolling resistance increases. The bulldozing resistance is mitigated by the fact that a portion of the soil is pushed to the sides of the wheel. The results from the experiment show polynomical trend rather than a linear trend . the most desirable data for the rolling resistance would be the sinkage depth as the rolling resistance force is directly proportional to the sinkage depth . The graph starts off with a sinkage depth of 0. 98 cm due to 49. 04 kPa and decreases until it reaches 0. 2 cm from which the value of the sinkage depth starts to increase . At 147. 12 kPA the tire has a considerable amount f air inflated . The amount of the air inflated is between the range of the air pressure classified as underflated an overflated. The ideal air pressure which in this case is 147. 12 kPa increases the thread area of the tire on the sand bed , increasing the width of the tore on the sand which causes the force of the tire on the sand to be spread out in the surface rather actually penetration the sand bed . At 49kPa and 98kPa there the tire is almost mildly inflated . With the tires fully inflated capacity being 320. 26kPA , these two pressure allow the tire to be inflated just 15. 3% and 30. 6% of their maximum capacity respectively . While pedaling the bicycle because of the lack of the air pressure of the tire and bicycle frame comes in close contact and force the sidewalls of the tire to flex due to the force that is being applied and pushes the bicycle deep into the sand bed due to this flexing phenomenon . From the above data we cannot establish linear relationship between air pressure and sinkage depth . There are many factors that affect the sinkage depth of a tire due to the air pressure . The air pressure of the tire causes the tread material in the tire to expand as it is partially filled and when the tread material is on the sand it adjusts the frame and the tread in a suitable manner . However as the air pressure in the tire increases and the tire is capacity for the air pressure reduces , the air that is present in the tire has less freedom to move around so as to adjust the frame and the tread of the tire in order to efficiently place itself . Hence as the air pressure in the tire begins to fill the tire up completely the sinkage depth in the tire increases . The air pressure in the tire limits the thread from spreading out the force on the sand and hence on a surface area of the sand as the force increases because it can’t be spread out the pressure on the sand increases and the tire sinks in deeper . Our research question which formed the basis of the essay was How does change in Sinkage depth of a tire affect the rolling resistance . The main of this experiment was to establish a relationship between sinkage depth of the tire and the rolling resistance it faces . The experiment involved allowing a bicycle , with specific air pressure which was measured using an air pressure gauge , with trainers to roll down a wooden ramp of length 5 meters and width 3 metres inclined at an angle of 45 ° to the ground . The bicycle after rolling down from the ramp rolled on a sand bed that was smoothened and softened by hand . The sand was wetted by adding 250cm3 of tap water in a linear manner , in order to make the sand retentive of the sinkage marks made by the tire. The reading of the sinkage depth was measured with the help of a vernier caliper. Consequently, the rolling resistance was calculated using these values . At the end of the experiment we successfully derived a linear relationship between the sinkage depth of the tire and the rolling resistance. The rolling resistance that the tire faces is directly proportional to the sinkage depth of the tire. Hence as the sinkage depth of the tire increases so does the rolling resistance 9it faces . In order to find the air pressure of the tire propagates the rolling resistance , we have to find the air pressure which has the least rolling resistance value . The absolute uncertainties that were obtained in our experiment for the rolling resistance were low , this shows that the values that we have obtained are precise . Performing this experiment at a small scale makes the rolling resistance negliblie. The devices that were used to measure the numerical values had a low least count . From the results that have been , there is a high possibility of the presence of random errors since the values that have been recorded show an inconsistency at unlikely events during the experiment. The experiment involved focusing on a variable and its outcome on a particular event . At best this approach can be considered incomplete as there are others factors present in the experiment that might affected the rolling resistance equally if not partially . There is a high possibility that the temperature also a major impact on the experiment and hence further areas for research include involving temperature as a variable in deciding if sinkage depth alone affects the rolling resistance linearly . Another area left for research and investigation is to find a quantitative data for the rolling resistance coefficient. In the experiment we found several data for the rolling resistance co-efficient , however we couldn’t compare this to a literature value due to a lack of research of bicycles on sand . Limitations in the model The limitations in the experiment that has been performed mainly arises from the various assumptions that have been made . The sand that was used as for the sand bed was procured from an open sea beach. Although the sand was smoothened and sieved there is a high possibility that the sand contained minute impurities such as small fragments of shell which might have had an counter-effect on the compressibility of the sand. It is also possible that the there was a high content of salt deposits on the sand as the sea water contained salt and the water from the sand had evaporated leaving behind salt deposits on the sand . We could have instead used soil instead as a surface bought from the market as this would be possibly have more uniformity than the sand . As mentioned in the method of investigation , the cycle had trainers attached to them while it rolled down the ramp in order to balance the cycle as it rolled down and prevent it from falling over . Since the trainers are wheels it is possible that they too contributed to the rolling resistance that the bicycle faced . However since all the quantitative values were recorded when the cycle was attached with trainers , the trainers have uniformly affected the rolling resistance in each trial and hence has no overall effect on the trend . The experiment also involved pouring a specific amount of water on the sand in order to increase the retentive ability if the sand . However , what has not been established in the experiment is the right amount of water that should be added to sand in order to increase the retentive ability . An increased amount of water in the sand will reduce the elasticity of the sand even though increasing the retentive ability of the sand. This will be detrimental to the experiment the actual sinkage depth of the tire will be reduced . Also , water was poured on the sand only once during the experiment . there is also a possibility that the water evaporated during the experiment , hence reducing the retentive ability of the sand and causing a discrepancy in the values obtained. The experiment was performed on in the outdoors during the day . The heat of sunlight was transferred to these materials used in the experiment , but since these materials have different thermal absorption capacitates their temperature might have varied. an abrupt increase in temperature induces a transient friction response similar to that induced by a step decrease in velocity ( Chester , 2012 ) . Since sand has a higher thermal capacity than wood the change in the temperature might cause a discrepancy . in order to control this variable we could have performed the experiment indoors with the temperature controlled by an air conditioner at 25a µC .